Nonmetals and Halogens
Nonmetals and Halogens
Nonmetals include hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, the halogens, and the noble gas elements. Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen are elements found in all living organisms. The study of compound based on carbon and hydrogen and just about all the compounds that make life possible is known as organic chemistry. Nitrogen and the other elements in Group 15 are known as pnictogens. Naturally occurring nitrogen (N2) makes up 78% of the earth’s atmosphere. Because of this ready availability and the requirement for nitrogen by living organisms (as N in proteins), the fixing of nitrogen in forms that may be assimilated by plants (nitrogen fixation) is supremely important. Oxygen and other elements in Group 16 are known as chalcogens. Oxygen-containing compounds comprise 47% of the Earth’s crust. The monoatomic noble gases (Group 18) are colorless, odorless, tasteless, and nonflammable under standard conditions. Because of their very low chemical reactivity, it was originally thought that they cannot combine with those of other elements to form compounds. However, it was later discovered some do indeed form compounds. For example, a large number of xenon compounds have been discovered almost all of which contain the electronegative atoms fluorine or oxygen.
Halogens are the non-metallic elements found in group 17 of the periodic table: and include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. They are the only group whose elements at room temperature include solid, liquid, and gas forms of matter. The chemistry of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine is perhaps better understood than that of any other group of elements, partly because it is that of singly bonded atoms or single charged anions. These halogens are highly reactive and can combine with many different elements; when they react with metals, they produce a wide range of useful salts. Commercially, halogens are used in disinfectants, lighting, and drug components. Astatine, the heaviest member of the group, is known only in its radioactive form; tennessine, one of the artificially produced 'superheavy' elements, is also radioactive.
Bromine liquid, 99.8%, Thermo Scientific Chemicals
CAS: 7726-95-6 Molecular Formula: Br Molecular Weight (g/mol): 79.91 MDL Number: MFCD00010896 InChI Key: CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Synonym: bromine,dibromine,brom,bromine solution,brome,bromo,broom,bromine water,bromo italian,bromo spanish PubChem CID: 24408 ChEBI: CHEBI:29224 SMILES: [Br-]
Iodine, resublimed crystals, ACS, 99.8%, Thermo Scientific Chemicals
CAS: 7553-56-2 Molecular Formula: I2 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 253.81 MDL Number: MFCD00011355 MFCD00164163 InChI Key: PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: iodine,diiodine,iodine crystals,iodine sublimed,tincture iodine,vistarin,eranol,iodio,iodine solution,iode PubChem CID: 807 ChEBI: CHEBI:17606 IUPAC Name: molecular iodine SMILES: II
Iodine, crystalline, 99.5%, Thermo Scientific Chemicals
CAS: 7553-56-2 Molecular Formula: I2 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 253.81 InChI Key: PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N PubChem CID: 807 ChEBI: CHEBI:17606 SMILES: II
Iodine, resublimed crystals, 99.9985% (metals basis), Thermo Scientific Chemicals, Puratronic™
CAS: 7553-56-2 Molecular Formula: I2 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 253.81 MDL Number: MFCD00011355 MFCD00164163 InChI Key: PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: iodine,diiodine,iodine crystals,iodine sublimed,tincture iodine,vistarin,eranol,iodio,iodine solution,iode PubChem CID: 807 ChEBI: CHEBI:17606 SMILES: II
Iodine, crystalline, 99.99+% (metals basis), Thermo Scientific Chemicals
CAS: 7553-56-2 Molecular Formula: I2 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 253.81 MDL Number: MFCD00011355 MFCD00164163 InChI Key: PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: iodine,diiodine,iodine crystals,iodine sublimed,tincture iodine,vistarin,eranol,iodio,iodine solution,iode PubChem CID: 807 ChEBI: CHEBI:17606 SMILES: II
Bromine liquid, 99.99+% (metals basis), Thermo Scientific Chemicals
CAS: 7726-95-6 Molecular Formula: Br Molecular Weight (g/mol): 79.91 MDL Number: MFCD00010896 InChI Key: CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Synonym: bromine,dibromine,brom,bromine solution,brome,bromo,broom,bromine water,bromo italian,bromo spanish PubChem CID: 24408 ChEBI: CHEBI:29224 SMILES: [Br-]
Fullerene, nanotube, multi-walled, as-produced cathode deposits, core and shell, Thermo Scientific Chemicals
CAS: 308068-56-6 Molecular Formula: CH4 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 16.043 MDL Number: MFCD00133992 InChI Key: VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: methyl hydride,marsh gas,biogas,fire damp,r 50 refrigerant,methan,metano,hsdb 167,in gaseus state,tetrahydridocarbon PubChem CID: 297 ChEBI: CHEBI:16183 IUPAC Name: methane SMILES: C
Bromine liquid, ACS, 99.5%, Thermo Scientific Chemicals
CAS: 7726-95-6 Molecular Formula: Br Molecular Weight (g/mol): 79.91 MDL Number: MFCD00010896 InChI Key: CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Synonym: bromine,dibromine,brom,bromine solution,brome,bromo,broom,bromine water,bromo italian,bromo spanish PubChem CID: 24408 ChEBI: CHEBI:29224 SMILES: [Br-]